What Is the Boiling Point of Water

The simple answer to this question is that the boiling point of water is 100 Â °C or 212 Â °F at 1 atmosphere of pressure (sea level). However, the value is not a constant. The boiling point of water depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes according to elevation. Water boils at a lower temperature as you gain altitude (e.g., going higher on a mountain), and boils at a higher temperature if you increase atmospheric pressure (coming back down to sea level or going below it). The boiling point of water also depends on the purity of the water. Water that contains impurities (such as salted water) boils at a higher temperature than pure water. This phenomenon is called boiling point elevation, which is one of the colligative properties of matter. Learn More If you want to know more about the properties of water, you can explore the freezing point of water and the melting point of water. You can also contrast the boiling point of water to the boiling point of milk. Sources Goldberg, David E. (1988). 3,000 Solved Problems in Chemistry (1st ed.). McGraw-Hill. section 17.43, p. 321. ISBN 0-07-023684-4.West, J. B. (1999). Barometric pressures on Mt. Everest: New data and physiological significance. Journal of Applied Physiology. 86 (3): 1062–6. doi:10.1152/jappl.1999.86.3.1062

Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and Fair Wages for...

Because of a 75 year old section of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, companies that use sheltered workshops to train workers with disabilities, such as Goodwill Industries, can legally pay their employees just pennies an hour. The section of the Fair Labor Standards Act that legalizes this behavior needs to be repealed in order to ensure fair pay and treatment of every employee in today’s workforce. To begin, I will explain the use of sheltered workshops and the timed tests used to determine subminimum wages for employees with disabilities. I will then go on to discuss the history of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and how companies use a section of the legislation to get away with paying their employees with disabilities so†¦show more content†¦In order to pay worker with disabilities below the federal minimum wage employers must first obtain a special minimum wage certificate from the Wage and Hour Division of the U.S. Department of Labor, which can be done online. The U.S. Department of Labor defines a person with a disability as â€Å"one whose earning or productive capacity is impaired by a physical or mental disability, including those relating to age or injury.† So essentially, the law states that the worth of a person with a disability is determined by how many shirts they can hang in one minute. The piece of legislation that makes subminimum wage legal is Section 14 (c) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938. Section 14 of the FLSA allows paying tipped workers, new hires under the age of 20, full-time students, interns, and people with disabilities below the federal minimum wage legal. The logic supporting this section is that tipped workers will earn a fair wage because of the tips they earn and that new hires, full-time students, interns, and people with disabilities are in a temporary training part of their career. However, this is not the case for the 300,000 people with disabilities who work at sheltered workshops. (NFB, 2013). As explained previously, people with disabilities are stuck working in sheltered workshops for many years, not just for temporary job training.Show MoreRelatedThe First Minimum Wage Laws1595 Words   |  7 PagesThe first minimum wage laws dated back from 1912 and these laws covered women and children. During the U.S. Supreme Court case of Adkins v. Children’s Hospital in 1923, the â€Å"minimum wage law violated the right of contract under the due process clause of the Fifth Amendment† (Thies, 1991 para. 1). The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 provided the legal minimum wage standards and the first wage was 25 cents per hour as of October 24, 1938 (Douty, 1967). Additionally, this act intention was to transferRead MoreEmployment And Privacy Of The United States1612 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment granted its people rights. Over the years the government has created rights to protect employees in the workplace; these rights are to make su re employees do not suffer any unfair treatment. Employment and Privacy laws are there to help cover the rights and commitments in an employer-employee relationship; furthermore they are there to protect new applicants, current employees, or former employees. As it is very hard to conduct employment matters and there could be many scenarios, employmentRead MoreHRM 531 Week 2 Knowledge Check Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesIndividuals tend to follow the equity norm and to use it as a basis for distributing rewards. A. equity theory B. the external labor market C. organizational needs D. the internal labor market Bottom of Form Top of Form 4. In labor economics, __________________ theory holds that unless an employee can produce a value equal to the value received in wages, it will not be worthwhile to hire that worker. A. the marginal productivity B. the percent of company offerings C. the willingnessRead MoreEmployee Rights And Employer Responsibilities1343 Words   |  6 Pages2014, p.1). Employers and employees have both rights and responsibilities to one another. These rights and responsibilities relate to health and safety, equal opportunities, privacy, and job security. Not all rights an employee feels they are entitled to are the responsibility of the employer. There are ethical and legal responsibilities that both the employer and employee must abide by in order to achieve cohesiveness within the work environment. Both employers and employees must be responsible forRead MoreRunning Head : Hr Legislation Paper2003 Words   |  9 PagesRights Act (Title V11) (1964) Summary The Title V11 of the 1964 Civil Rights Act states that no one can be discriminated on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Also, it requires access to public places and employment, as well as enforced desegregation of schools and the right to vote. Although this act did not end discrimination it started an epidemic for our nation’s future. This act was first proposed by President John F. Kennedy (Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)Read MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased1575 Words   |  7 PagesNo family gets rich from earning the minimum wage. In fact, the current minimum wage does not even lift a family out of poverty. -- Jon Corzine Many people can think back and remember what it was like to put in an application for that first job and be presented with a position. Taking that position represents adulthood and is a very exciting time for a young person. All first jobs usually start with a minimum wage. Minimum wage is the minimum an employer has to pay an unskilled workerRead MoreEmployment Law831 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience globally on the USA employment laws and regulations but not limited to Sexual harassment, Wage and Salary Legislation, Recruitment, Interviewing, Affirmative Action, Equal Employment and the ADA. This paper will go over the history of a few of the important acts that have been passed over the years to protect employees in the United States. It will also discuss the major protections that these acts provide and who are eligible for that protection. Now that the Pomodoro, Inc. is now a globalRead MoreEmployee Rights Essay1530 Words   |  7 Pagesupon the size of an employer; 15, 25 and 50 or more employees. Employers with fewer than 15 employees are not governed by many laws; and can do almost whatever they want. It has been determined by the Federal Government that it would be an undo hardship for smaller employers to comply with these laws. I believe every employee should have their rights protected regardless of the size of the company. Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act (Title VII) was written to protect citizens rights;Read MoreRisk Lawsuits, A Poor Reputation, And Could Face Criminal And / Or Civil Penalties1139 Words   |  5 Pagesworks within a company should be informed of the business laws that pertain to them and have the knowledge of how they can affect them. The owner of the business should not be the only one that is familiar with the laws and the depth of them. The employees should have the knowledge of the laws because they can protect and affect them in many different ways. Business owners should protect themselves and their company by being conscious of the laws and abiding by them as well. Contracts are one of theRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil Rights Act Of 1991 Essay1035 Words   |  5 PagesThree important Employment Laws Civil Rights Act of 1991 – The Civil Rights Act of 1991 was signed into law in November of 1991. The law placed more responsibility on the employer (Dessler, 2017). The Civil Rights Act of 1991 (CRA 1991) addressed the issue of burden of proof – The plaintiff has to show that that they were illegally discriminated against, and the employer must show proof that they did not discriminate (Dessler, 2017). Once an employee demonstrates that they were discriminated against

Atomic Bomb †World War II Free Essays

World War II is known for acts of heroism on both sides, as well as controversial decisions. One major event that has long been debated was the use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The reason Japan was threatened by the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Atomic Bomb – World War II or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. with the Atomic bomb was to force them to surrender. The war would have taken much longer had an invasion been attempted. An invasion would have cost more lives for both sides than the bombings. The Allies were justified in dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The first reason the bombing was justified was that it was the most viable way to force the Japanese to surrender. The Allied offer of the Potsdam Conference on July 26, 1945 stating that the war would end only when the Japanese surrendered and gave up Emperor Hirohito. This offer was completely unacceptable to the Japanese, who, at the time, regarded their emperor as a god and declined the Postdam demands without thinking twice. President Harry S Truman was in a situation where he could not change the terms of the offer, because the American citizens wanted Hirohito imprisoned, if not executed after the bombing of pearl harbor. Changing the terms of the offer would also be regarded as a sign of weakness on the Americans’ part, which was unacceptable during a time of war. After the crushing defeats of the U. S. over the Japanese at Iwo Jima and Okinawa were also very decisive battles that the U. S. won where the Japanese did not give up; showing there loyalty to their emperor and the fact that they wouldn’t give up. Meanwhile, as the U. S. was picking off all of the strategic islands around Japan, the Japanese were still building there defense up. This too proved they would not give up. Another reason that the Americans were justified in dropping the bomb was that it ended the war much more quickly than would an invasion. Many Americans had already been killed in the battles against Japan, and Truman’s main goals were to save American lives and get his troops home as soon as possible. The second of the two atomic bombs was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945 and the Japanese surrendered 5 days later on August 14, 1945. The alternative to the use of the atomic bomb, an invasion over land, had been scheduled for November 1 had the bombing not succeeded or had it been cancelled. This invasion could have dragged on for months, if not years. Japan also had no defense for the destruction of the cities. If they had no defense they would have to surrender ending the war early. The third, final, and most important reason the Americans were justified in dropping atomic bombs on Japan was that the bombings claimed far less lives than would have been taken during an invasion. Between the two cities, there was estimated to have been approximately 115,000 deaths as a result of the bombings. President Truman estimated that as many as one million American soldiers would have died in an invasion of Japan. Also the Soviet Union was about to invade Japan. This would cause the Soviets to have a lot of influence in the United States’ decisions in the far east. President Truman intended the atomic bomb to be a way to end the war at a minimum cost of American lives. The use of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was a justified strategy on the Allies’ part. A Japanese surrender was impossible due to the political landscape before the bombings. The war would have dragged on much longer had the bomb not been dropped and an invasion carried out instead. The bombings claimed fewer lives than an invasion would have. The bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki brought a decisive end to the Second World War, as well as beginning the nuclear age; changing the world forever. How to cite Atomic Bomb – World War II, Essays

The Development Of Mobile Telephony Essay Research free essay sample

The Development Of Mobile Telephony Essay, Research Paper Since the first cellular Mobile telephone webs opened for concern in the early 1980 # 8217 ; s, growing in Numberss of endorsers has systematically exceeded even the most optimistic prognosiss. Even in the most advanced markets, this growing shows small mark of slaking, and meanwhile, new markets are speed uping quickly. So why is nomadic telephone such a success narrative? And what are it # 8217 ; s Scopess for the hereafter? Cellular telephone was developed by AT A ; T ( American Telephone and Telegraph ) , in it # 8217 ; s Bell laboratories. It operates by apportioning a spectrum of wireless channel frequences to telecommunications systems. The wireless channel frequences are subdivided and assigned to a web of wireless base Stationss each responsible for the coverage of a peculiar geographical country known as a cell ( hence the name cellular telephone ) . Each cell has a radius of about 1.5 to 2.4km, and because cells operate on different frequences, web operators are able t o maximize their coverage by re-using these channels efficaciously. ( Encarta 1996 ) . Each cell is linked to a nomadic communications telephone exchange, which in bend communicates with other cells, other webs or the national and international telephone systems. These nomadic exchanges are more normally referred to as either Mobile Telephone Exchanges or Electronic Telephone Exchanges. These exchanges are cardinal to the operation of a nomadic telephone web. Cellular base Stationss emit control channels which recognise the Electronic Serial Number ( ESN ) , of a nomadic phone # 8217 ; s whereabouts. Ultimately the call is delivered to it # 8217 ; s finish as the phone moves around the coverage country. Continuing call lucidity is maintained by manner of a procedure named # 8220 ; hand-off # 8221 ; . This involves the web automatically re-allocating the call to the channel with the strongest signal in the designated geographical country. The first Mobile cellular web operators in the UK, ( Cellnet and Vodaphone ) , began utilizing parallel engin eering for their first webs because it was the lone available and predominating engineering of that clip. Analogue engineering is based upon the transmittal of sound by manner of wireless moving ridges through an Analogue Mobile Phone System ( AMPS ) , and conforms to the relevant Total Access Communication System ( TACS ) , criterions of operation in states such as Italy, Spain, Austria and Eire. Unfortunately, linear webs are limited, in that they suffer from terrible capacity restraints. There are response and intervention jobs, they are besides less unafraid to prising ears and most significantly from a user point of position, coverage is restricted to the UK. Along with the enlargement of clients there was besides a concern about the handiness of bandwidth as the wireless frequence became overcrowded. Such inefficiencies evidently led to the demand for a new and improved option, so along came digital engineering. The new digital webs use their allotted wireless frequence # 821 7 ; s more expeditiously than parallel and sound is transmitted by computing machine codification instead than by moving ridges. This enables the web to transport a higher capacity of calls of a higher response quality and enables the user entree to a wider figure of advanced characteristics, such as Personal Digital Assistants, ( PDA # 8217 ; s ) , nomadic faxing and wireless electronic mail. A new engineering called signal compaction has since been developed which dramatically cuts the sum of information that needs to be transmitted in order to acquire a message across. It was a combination of these new engineerings that meant that nomadic telephone could spread out and two technological options so presented themselves. Time Division Multiple Access, ( TDMA ) , engineering has 3-7 times the capacity of parallel engineering. It has been adopted by Europe since 1982 and the GSM ( Global Systems for Mobiles ) has besides been developed. A figure of American houses besides developed CDMA, ( Code Division Multiple Access Technology ) , engineering. This engineering has non caught on every bit much as TDMA, despite the fact it has 10-20 times the capacity of parallel engineering. There have been commercial effects refering these new engineerings. After all, which is to be the predominating engineering? The state of affairs became complicated in the mid 1990 # 8217 ; s. It is argued that by the twelvemonth 2001 there will be over 300 million endorsers to GSM across the universe. What happens though if the systems are non compatible? There are nevertheless, alternate engineerings to that of cellular. The first was introduced in the late 1980 # 8217 ; s and was called Telepoint. This is a classical illustration of a failed invention in Telecommunications. The thought was that there would be a series of base Stationss across a part and users would hold a French telephone which they could utilize to have calls, provided they were within 200 meters of a base station. However, there were jobs, such as: you could non do calls, merely receive, French telephones were really large and heavy and calls were really expensive. It was because of the coming of cellular and the fact that telephone boxes were much improved that Telepoint did non acquire off the land. Three major Telepoint companies were Mercury, Callpoint, Zonephone and Phonepoint. In 1992, Rabbit ( owned by Hutchison Telecom ) , tried to revamp the telepoint industry. They offered low monetary values, cheaper French telephones and a paging service, but this still did non stand up to the better cellular service. The 2nd option to cellular is PCS or PCN. This stands for Personal Communication Service/Network. It is non excessively different from digital cellular, except it uses many more transceivers and base Stationss ( five times as many ) . An advantage of PCN is that the bandwidth is somewhat larger, so more information can be passed and the French telephones are more attractive to the c lient. However a large job with PCN is that it is really dearly-won to build a web. Despite the cost, PCN has taken off good, peculiarly in the USA. In 1993 the US authorities set aside a proportion of the airwaves for PCN. It defined 992 parts, within which it hoped companies would desire to run. The federal authorities so sold licenses to PCN operators, which were by no agencies cheap. The authorities made a batch of money from these gross revenues. In 1995 companies paid the federal authorities 18 billion dollars for these licenses. It was so suggested in the Financial Times that it would take the same sum of money once more to build the web. However, this in no manner put off the companies involved. The universes mobile telephone webs are go oning to bask dramatic growing, even in comparatively mature markets, one-year growing greater than 60 % is rather common. In the UK, for case, the four Mobile web operators, between them saw a market growing of around 75 % , to more than si x million endorsers in the 12 months to August 1996. And this was 11 old ages after the states foremost cellular webs had opened. These operators were, Vodafone and Cellnet. Vodafone was launched as a subordinate of Racal Electronicss in 1984, and subsequently emerged as a free standing company in 1991. Now quoted on the London Stock Exchange, Vodafone is the largest cellular Mobile phone web operator in the United Kingdom and is even emerging as the dominant force in cellular communications in Europe. Vodafone operates two nomadic phone webs ; the original parallel system and the more late developed GSM digital option. In the UK Mobile market, vodafone is closely followed by Cellnet, the merchandise of a joint venture between British Telecom and the Securicor Group. Cellnet, like Vodafone, besides operates two nomadic phone webs, put ining it # 8217 ; s original parallel system in 1985 and more late a GSM digital system. Despite initial jobs in Cellnet # 8217 ; s failure to prese nt an appropriate accounting system, Cellnet now places greater accent upon it # 8217 ; s web quality. The consequence is that the UK market is now equally divided between both Cellnet and Vodafone. Today, despite aggressive competition from their digital challengers, Orange, and Mercury, One to One, the two parallel web operators have seen their subscriber base more than double, adding new endorsers three times every bit fast as their digital options. ( The Economist, 5th August 1995 ) . In 1983, when the British authorities was sing applications from possible operators for cellular webs, most of the appliers assumed that each of the two licensed webs, ( Cellnet and Vodafone ) , would hold about 100,000 endorsers by 1990. In fact, they each had between 500,000 and 600,000 endorsers by that twelvemonth. ( Mobile Telephony-Market overveiw-1997 ) . The high growing rates in nomadic telephone are about cosmopolitan, with no mark of a # 8217 ; impregnation point # 8217 ; being reache d. The Nordic states, ( Sweden, Finland, Norway and Denmark ) , have systematically led the universe in nomadic phone incursion. In fact, by mid 1996, more than 25 % of all Swedes had a nomadic phone. Meanwhile, new nomadic webs are being opened all the clip, both in the most developed states and in the underdeveloped universe. In the most developed markets, new operators are viing sharply to capture the consumer market for nomadic telephones, positioning the nomadic telephone as a genuine, and much more convenient option to having a normal wired telephone. In developing states, the nomadic telephone market is frequently given a encouragement by the hapless province of the fixed telephone web: concern user # 8217 ; s who must hold a telephone will take a nomadic phone, instead than waiting months or even old ages for a fixed line connexion. So what is driving the phenomenal growing in nomadic telephone? There are four chief factors, with complex inter-relationships. A moving ridge of deregulating and reregulation has been brushing through the universe # 8217 ; s telecommunications web operators since the 1980 # 8217 ; s. One event of major importance was the interruption up of AT A ; T in 1984, which saw the formation of seven Regional Bell Operating companies. Today, the 1996 Telecommunications Act defines a comparatively free market, in which the traditional boundaries between wireline and radio operators, and between local and long distance operators, no longer exist.Throughout Europe, the European Commission is driving the abolishment of province telecoms monopolies. Governments are reacting by privatizing, or fixing to privatize their national telecoms monopolies, and leting new rivals to put up rival services. However, traditional telecommunications services, such as the fixed telephone web, have proved hard to deregulate. The bing webs owned by monopoly operators represent immense investings: and province telecoms houses successfully argue that they perform a societal service by supplying lines to endorsers in outlying country # 8217 ; s, at economic rates. Deregulation has been much faster, and had much greater effects in newer country # 8217 ; s of telecommunications. One of the best illustrations is nomadic communications. In many states mobile communications have provided an ideal test-bed for deregulating, to see what could be achieved by liberating the market from the restraints of a monopoly, and leting operators to vie, every bit far as possible, on a flat playing field. There is a dramatic correlativity between the reaching of a competitory market in nomadic telephone, and the return off in growing of endorsers. In states where nomadic telephone was provided by a monopoly, subscriber growing has been low, but every bit shortly as rivals appear on the scene, the market began to turn really quickly. One of the best illustrations of this is Japan. Here, nomadic telephone was a monopoly throughout the 1980 # 8217 ; s. Costss were high, and the attractive forces of the service were lessened by the fact that endorsers could merely rent phones from the operators, they could non purchase them. In effect, both market incursion and growing were really low. In the early 1990 # 8217 ; s, deregulating and competition began to take consequence in Japan. Two new operators were licensed to supply digital cellular services in newly-allocated wireless frequence sets, and eventually, in April 1994, the terminal market was deregulated. Today with the new digital webs on line, the Nipponese market is sing really rapid growing. Another illustration comes from Germany, where Deutsche Bundespost Telekom ( DBT ) was the monopoly operator of the states analogue # 8216 ; C-Netz # 8217 ; . Partially because of capacity jobs, C-Netz monetary values were kept really high, and sub scriber Numberss remained around 200,000 until 1992. In that twelvemonth two webs runing the GSM digital criterion, came into service. The # 8216 ; D1 # 8242 ; web was operated by DBT, but # 8216 ; D2 # 8242 ; was operated by a new company, Mannesmann Mobelfunk GmbH # 8211 ; the first direct rival to DBT # 8217 ; s monopoly of telecommunications services. A farther rival E-Pus, which uses DCS 1800 digital engineering, came on line in May 1995. The reaching of the digital webs released immense repressed demand for nomadic telephone in Germany. Prices fell, and the entire subscriber base was nearing five million by mid 1996. Side-by-side with competition has grown sophisticated selling of Mobile telephone services. The first 5-7 per cent of cellular phone incursion is mostly composed of concern users, who are comparatively insensitive to monetary value considerations. After this threshold has been passed, more and more nomadic phones are purchased by private users, so the Mobile phone has to be marketed as an low-cost, lifestyle accoutrement. For many nomadic web operators, this means subsidizing the initial purchase cost. In many markets, nomadic phones are sold for a fraction of their # 8216 ; existent # 8217 ; cost, with the web operators and service suppliers doing up the difference through call gross # 8211 ; on air # 8211 ; clip contracts that normally run for a lower limit of 12 months.Other selling enterprises include differential tariffing. High # 8211 ; volume concern users pay a comparatively high # 8216 ; rental line # 8217 ; but with low call costs. Low volume # 8216 ; exigency merely # 8217 ; users pay a low line lease, but calls are charged at a higher rate. Geographical charging, with users being charged at a lower rate for calls made in their # 8216 ; place cell # 8217 ; , is a farther selling tool. Operators are now get downing to distinguish themselves through Value Added Services ( VAS ) , including voice mail, facsimile and electronic mail. Through Short Message Services ( SMS ) and concern group services, utilizing Intelligent Network ( IN ) engineering, operators will be able to make of all time more separately tailored services bundles, which the user will be able to utilize in webs other than his place web. The nomadic phones themselves are an country where technological progresss have helped spread out the market. When the first cellular webs came into operation, car-phones were the lone option. The size and power demands made it impracticable for users to transport their phones around with them. Even in the mid 1980s Ericsson was proudly publicizing the # 8216 ; Hotline Combi # 8217 ; , a portable phone that weighed merely 2.7 kilogrammes, and came with its ain shoulder strap ( Mobile Telephony # 8211 ; Market Overview 1997 ) . Since so, the size and weight of nomadic phones has been cut dramatically, and betterments in battery engineering and power # 8211 ; salvaging characteristics have inc reased battery life. Ericsson # 8217 ; s first manus # 8211 ; held portable phone was introduced in 1986, it weighed 665 gms, and provided 40 proceedingss of call clip on a individual battery charge. Three coevalss subsequently today # 8217 ; s nomadic phones weigh less than 200 gms, are less than a one-fourth of the size, and supply twice every bit much talk clip. Costss excessively have fallen, the existent monetary value ( as opposed to the frequently # 8211 ; subsidised purchase monetary value ) of a nomadic phone in 1996 was less the one fifth of what it was in 1985.Technically there is no ground why Mobile phones should non go the norm for everyone. The usage of wireless engineerings combined with the advanced # 8217 ; little cell # 8217 ; engineerings now being put into topographic point, would supply sufficient capacity for everyone to utilize a nomadic phone, alternatively of a fixed phone. As volumes have increased, and as standardized engineerings such as GSM have p roduced scale economic systems, the cost of supplying telephone services over a nomadic web has come down. In many instances, it is now cheaper for web operators to link new endorsers utilizing wireless instead than by running wires to their places, and so # 8216 ; wireless in the local cringle # 8217 ; techniques derived from cellular nomadic engineerings are turn outing progressively popular with wired web operators around the universe. But if everyone had a nomadic phone what would go on to the fixed webs? Of class, fixed web telephone connexions will go on to be, and turn in figure. There are still plenty of occasions when people make calls to an administration or topographic point, instead than to a individual. And even if all private persons have mobile phones, the likeliness is that their fixed-phone will germinate into something new, for illustration, the entry point to the # 8216 ; information expressway # 8217 ; , offering a battalion of synergistic wide set services s uch as picture telephone, films on demand, tele-shopping and teleworking. The nomadic phones themselves will go on to cut down in size and be easier to utilize, with new maps and characteristics being added and battery life being extended all the clip. # 8220 ; Thirty old ages from now, the phone could look like a ticker, a shirt button, or a brooch # 8230 ; ..The shirt button phone will be an immensely powerful voice-activated Personal computer, based around an evolved micro chip many times more powerful than the current Intel Pentium chips. # 8221 ; ( The Times 17/11/97 ) . The dramatic growing of nomadic telephone has demonstrated how of import convenience and freedom are to users. The Internet, with its easiness of usage and cosmopolitan handiness, offers the potency for every bit dramatic growing in nomadic informations. Mobile computer science is nil new, but it has suffered in the passed from a assortment of complicated factors that have delayed its widespread credence. Tw o of import restraints, the deficiency of international criterions and the deficiency of popular user application have been removed thanks to the Internet. By pooling their resources, nomadic operators and Internet service suppliers will be able to make and present advanced, Value Added Services with wide user entreaty e.g. through the combination of nomadic messaging and Internet services. Business applications such as distant entree to corporate webs are likely to be the chief drivers for wireless Internet entree. However, experience from the fixed web shows that private users will follow such applications excessively. It is argued that in the hereafter, webs and nomadic phones will germinate in analogue, to supply services that are progressively personalised to users # 8217 ; demands. This will go on as a consequence of increasing intelligence within the webs, but besides as a consequence of increasing competition in the market for services. Service supplier companies will be th e drivers of this new market, which will come on through their inventiveness in inventing services, non merely nomadic telephone, but data-oriented and amusement services excessively. Is this true? Lone clip will state.

The Impact on Media Violence Essay Example For Students

The Impact on Media Violence Essay Persuasive Essay: The Impact of Media Violence Monkey see, monkey do has become a well-known saying in todays society, but is it correct? Just sixty years ago the invention of the television was viewed as a technological curiosity with black and white ghost-like figures on a screen so small hardly anyone could see them. Today that curiosity has become a constant companion to many, mainly children. From reporting the news and persuading us to buy certain products, to providing programs that depict violence, television has all but replaced written material. Unfortunately, it is these violent programs that are endangering our present-day society. Violent images on television, as well as in the movies, have inspired people to set spouses on fire in their beds, lie down in the middle of highways, extort money by placing bombs in airplanes, rape, steal, murder, and commit numerous other shootings and assaults. We will write a custom essay on The Impact on Media Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Over 1,000 case studies have proven that media violence can have negative affects on children as well. It increases aggressiveness and anti-social behavior, makes them less sensitive to violence and to victims of violence, and it increases their appetite for more violence in entertainment and in real life. Media violence is especially damaging to young children, age 8 and under1, because they cannot tell the difference between real life and fantasy. Violent images on television and in movies may seem real to these children and sometimes viewing these images can even traumatize them. Despite the negative effects media violence has been known to generate, no drastic changes have been made to deal with this problem that seems to be getting worse. We, as a whole, have glorified this violence so much that movies such as Natural Born Killers and television shows such as Mighty Morphin Power Rangers are viewed as normal, everyday entertainment. Its even rare now to find a childrens cartoon that does not depict some type of violence or comedic aggression. What we do not realize though, is that it is the children that are ending up with problems. Unlike most rational, educated adults, many children are gradually beginning to accept violence as a way to solve problems and are imitating what they observe on television. These children do not understand that the violence is shown strictly because the public wants to see it. They cannot grasp the meaning of ratings and entertainment as well as adults can. All they know is, if the TV portrays violence as cool, then it must be cool! The problem isnt the violence in the media though; it is the medias failure to show the consequences of violence. This is especially true of cartoons, toy commercials, and music videos. Children often do not realize that it hurts to hit someone else because they see it all the time on TV. Everyday a cartoon character is beat up, injured, or killed, only to return in the very next episode, good as new. As a result, children learn that there are few, if any repercussion for committing violent acts. Unfortunately, as long as there is an extremely high public demand for violent shows and movies, the media is going to continue on the same path. And because it looks as though the violence craze is going to continue for some time, we need to be dependent on parents to reduce the effect that media violence has on children, which can be done in so many different ways. First, parents should limit the amount of television children watch per day from the average 3 to 4 hours, which is double the amount of recommended hours, to 1 to 2 hours. Children are exposed to far too much violence every day on TV, mainly because parents see the TV as a convenient babysitter. By limiting the amount of time spent in front of the tube, parents will compel their children to do something more productive like reading a book or playing outside. In limiting TV time, parents also need to monitor what programs their children are watching and restrict the viewing of violent programs. Just because a child is not watching as much violence, does not mean he or she still cant be influenced by it. Parents should .

Rainforests essays

Rainforests essays Rainforests are very dense, warm, wet forests that consist of two types: tropical and temperate. Tropical rainforests are found in 85 countries located near the equator, where temperatures stay above 80 degrees fahrenheit year round. Temperate rainforests, which are much younger and more scars than then tropical rainforests, are located in Canada, the United States, New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile, Ireland, Scotland and Norway. Rainforests are disappearing acres per minute and at the present rate of destruction, the rainforests will soon vanish completely. The consequences that we unknowingly face from the destruction of the rainforests are the loss of plant life, the loss of wildlife, and the loss of oxygen. Rainforests are havens for an amazing diversity of different plant species, many of which have not yet been discovered. Our daily dependence on the plant products of the rainforest is astounding. For instance, rubber, beautiful hardwoods, spices, essential oils, and fruits are a few products that come from the rainforests. All of these plants that we depend on are being killed off and will never return again. A large number of these plant species also have a high possibility of curing things like cancer, AIDS, and many of the other diseases and viruses that devastate the human race. If the rainforests disappear, so will most of the human population of the world. Rainforests are also home to a ridiculously large number of different animal species, including microscopic animals, invertebrates, fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals. Over half of the worlds animal population lives in rainforests. Colorful and unusual animals dwell in all four strata zones of the forests. The top strata zone, the emergent, houses many birds and insects. The canopy strata zone is home to insects, birds, reptiles, mammals, and more. The under story and the forest floor are the two lower strata zones and are teeming with the remaining an...

Discussion feedback(Project Management Assignment) Assignment

Discussion feedback(Project Management ) - Assignment Example You have also noted that you need to work on your self-assurance. It is very important that you work on this skill because in a project, all members draw their strength and inspiration from the team leader. You seem to have a lot of good characteristics but there is a need to work on them such that you become a great leader. Being decisive is very important because leadership has more to do with making decisions than anything else. If you are not decisive, it might be hard to lead a team through a crisis moment. Therefore, you need to work on this characteristic. A good analysis on why leadership and communication are very important for success of a project. Unfortunately, you seem to consider turnover of team members as not a very important setback. This might not be always the case. Consider a turnover of members in a highly technical project, any replacement of the old members may require substantial time for training and bringing them up to speed. Kindly note that having technical skills may not necessarily mean you can join any technical project in your field at any point and continue working without causing disruptions. Communication to you comes out as a very significant factor in ensuring that projects succeed. If there is good communication, everything is likely to roll out as planned. I like the manner in which you relate the housing bubble with learning lessons from the past. That is definitely one way in which business leaders can learn from the past. You are right that cost estimation is necessary in order to determine the viability of a project and thus decide whether to go on with it or not. You also correctly note that work breakdown structure is required to determine what it will take to complete the project and identify any challenges which may be encountered. That is a good analysis there. A good attempt at relating cost estimation with work breakdown structure and project planning schedule. You

Life Styles Inventory Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life Styles Inventory - Case Study Example On a critical evaluation of myself, I find the concept of power dominating other thinking styles. Occasionally, I overwhelmed with the desire to control actions and be in charge. However, this has always posed a number of challenges on my ability to provide directions as a manager. Power has created an unquestionable authority in the organization. The relationship between me and my employees has been impaired and a sense of personal authority and accountability at the department level has been lost. It has discouraged decentralization leaving me with the bulky duty of ever making each and every decision in the organization. However, in contradiction to the descriptions of this thinking style as shown in the lifestyle inventory, I have never witnessed the trait of coercion and intimidation in me. Often, I treat my employees with respect and listen to their opinions with an open-mind even though most of them do not like participating in the decision making process. Again, as opposed to the results description, I am usually patient and tolerant with my employees as long as the job is done as it ought to be. As my results would have it, my back-up thinking style is avoidance. This scale measures my tendency to use defensive strategies of withdrawal (Humphrey 229). This appears to be another true fact though there could be a few variations. Personally, I believe that problems are part of life and the preeminent method of solving issues is not by running away from them. I am capable of doing whatever it takes just to have the problem solved. It does not matter how much risk is involved. As some scholars would put it, there is no one best way of doing something. Similarly, I do not rely on a single way of tackling my problem of choose the easiest way out, instead, I explore more on other avenues that allows me to have my problem solved. This strengthens my ability to fulfill my role as a leader and a director in the organization Avoidance, as a thinking style has made me become more effective in my job as a manager. Normally, the practice of management is usually faced with lots of challenges, but my ability to solve problems has always seen me through the tough huddles in management practice. However, imperfections are part of humans and I do not believe that I have to be right at all times. Therefore, I differ with the description provided in the lifestyle inventory that people with this thinking style purport to always be right. I like being corrected when I make a mistake and accepting liability as a result of my blunders. On the other hand, my lifestyle inventory results indicate low performance on my humanistic-encouragement thinking style. This scale measures my interest to people and ability to care about others (Humphrey 230). Even though this was not the lowest performance recorded, humanistic engagement is an important style in the practice of management. As a manager, I need to be concerned with my employees and make them believe in themselves. They should also appreciate themselves for who they are and be satisfied with what they have. The lack of humanistic-encouragement in me compromises my ability as a manager since a manager needs to be listening and caring about employees. Presence of this trait in me might enhance manager-employee relationship and this has always proven to be one way of motivating employees. Suggestively, one of the things I should do better my humanistic-enc

Early childhood play inquiry Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early childhood play inquiry - Assignment Example According to Abbott (1994), it is not all types of play which will be beneficial to the child in terms of their early childhood development. Structured play however, as Abbot (1994) says, is able to help the child to analyse situations, investigate various materials and elements and come up with their own conclusions about the world around them. This process is very helpful to the child as it helps the child’s mental faculties to develop and in a positive way and also helps the child to interact with the world around her in a way that will increase her skills and her thinking processes Abbott (1994). In this regard, play becomes an essential part of learning and without it the child may have to take much longer before they are able to assimilate the world around them. As Abbott (1994) warns, play must be designed with the main intentions to help the child to learn rather than just having fun. According to Bruce (1996), children and adults have a lot in common with regard to how they learn. These commonalities include issues such as the learning from firsthand experience, learning through games and rules and representing their experiences through symbols such as music, drawings, drama etc. However, unlike adults, children only make sense of their experiences and what they learn through play (Bruce, 1996). This is why it is absolutely necessary for adults and especially early childhood teachers to be able to link play to the curriculum. Once they learn about this, it becomes very necessary to be able to help the child to link what she learns in theory and to the real world. In other words, to a child, the play section is like the laboratory for a high school student where they go to make sense of the theories they learn in school. The teacher therefore has to ensure that this â€Å"laboratory† is well equipped for the child to be able to explore as much as

SWOT Analysis Of Parle Products

SWOT Analysis Of Parle Products The intent of the assignment is to analyse the operation process of manufacturing or service organisation, thriving to achieve the efficiency and productivity in the operations process, through various organisational and operational strategies carried out on a short term or a long term basis. The analysis of the report is based on the various key finding which determines the success of organisation and how company manages between the quality, cost, speed, dependability and flexibility of its products using the key competitive factors such as order winner and order qualifiers to sustain in the market. The process design used by the organisation is to improve competence and effective inventory management style with help of suppliers and distributors; analysing the problems faced by the organisation and solution for the same. INTRODUCTION Parle is one of Indias largest biscuit, confectionery and snacks manufacturer it has been set-upped in vile Parle Mumbai in 1929. As a organized segment of the FMCG (Fast moving consumer goods) industry, FMCG products are generally replaced within a year and include a range of product provided to the consumer that may be Durable e.g. Food, soap, cosmetics, tooth cleaning products, shaving products and detergents and non-durable products such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products, and plastic goods. Babaria, M. and Dharod, M. (2009) Parle Operation Management is to manage of resources and delivery system and the duties entitled to the operation manager control of the cost, monitoring the efficiency of the production and asset management, The viewpoint of Parle Company is to attract as much of youth and grown-ups through its product with the mission to provide happiness among children and adults not only in the metro cities but also tier 2 and tier 3 cities in the country. On a short- term basis the company objective is to create awareness about the products among the youth and on long-term duration is to be the market leader. Major competitors of Parle are the ITC sun-feast ltd, Britannia, Nestle HUL (Hindustan unilever ltd). Parle provides a range of biscuits such as Parle-G, krackjack, Hide and seek, Milano etc. confectionery like melody, mango-bite, orange candy etc. and snacks like Jeffs, cheese ling etc. Parle are market leader and in their category and own 40% share of the biscuit market share and 15% share of the total confectionary market in India, Parle has transformed into a multimillion company over the years. Based on the product variation provided by Parle the customer are not bound by age they can be consumed by people of all age group even the adults or senior citizens. E.g. Parle G is widely excepted product, the customers of Parle are not restricted to the local or regional tier1, 2 3 markets but also on a global scale by implementing top down approach strategy in the organization. (parleproducts., 2012) Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:1.png TRANSFORMATION PROCESS FEEDBACK INPUT TRANSFORMATION PROCESS RAW MATERIAL Wheat flour, sugar, hydrogenate vegetable oil, salt, milk, added flavors PRODUCTS Biscuits, snacks confectioneries OUTPUT Transformation process is activities involving no. Of input, this adds value and transforms into output for customer. (Openlearn.open 2003) Through the transformation process various raw material used at input at Parle, which goes through the transformation process and made into biscuits, snacks confectioneries for the consumers. SWOT ANALYSIS OF PARLE PRODUCTS STRENGTH WEAKNESS Low price Irregular supply Distribution system Dependent on Parle-G brand Wide range Delivery system OPPORTUNITY THREATS Export potential Competitors (Britannia, ITC) Untapped Rural market Substitutions (toast) Retain of loyal customers Bakery products Suppliers. The above analysis reflects strength of the company lies in its low price technique, wide range of products and distribution system of Parle, opportunities prevailing are the export potential, untapped rural market, due to increase in the purchasing power of the consumer retention of loyal customers, Threats faced by Parle are from the competitors, substitutes available in the market and the bakery products whereas the weakness posses are the irregular supply, dependency on the brand Parle-G and weak delivery system to penetrate in rural areas. Babaria, M. and Dharod, M. (2009) STRATEGY Strategy adopted by any organization is develop the capabilities required to reflects the needs of the customers and market, direct how to spend key resources like time and money and to cope up with the greater level of complexity different business units are maintained in the organizations. Different types of strategy used at different levels in the organization. 1. Corporate level strategy is decided by the company where to invest the funds of the organization in order to meet the business demand of todays and the future.eg. E.g. increase in the volume of sales through sales staffing, increase in sales by increasing the number of factory floor. 2. Business unit strategy is implemented by different part of organization to achieve the desire objective in a specific market based on the present and the future market. E.g. marketing, finance, sales and marketing and operations departments. 3. Functional strategy is to maintain the key resources using the strategic and the day-to-day task. E.g. Market requirement and function of operation manger in monitoring the line of production. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) The word strategy signifies direction and how one should implement it. Strategies adopted by Parle are the business unit strategy where range of product is sold to identify group of customers in competitive market and functional strategy where decision of key resources such as the raw material required for the production is done on day to day basis by a operation manager to compete in the market, to expand in the market, to have an insight of the competitors. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011). Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:attachments:2.png Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:attachments:10.png CAUSE EFFECT Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) Process Producing mass product irrespective the taste Diminish of market share of Parle Competitors Due rise in growing Competition. Fluctuating demand Due to high competition the demand for parle product is not constant. Innovation Using same raw material over the Years PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE Performance Objectives are key measures to align the needs of the customer with the desired effectiveness of the overall business. Performance objectives are Quality, Speed, Dependability, Flexibility and Cost. Each of these dimensions adds its twist to the value proposition. Each dimension hypothetically appeals to different customers. Delivery each objective simultaneously at their highest levels of all these product attributes, operations mangers need to organize objectives based on priority, also identify which are an order winners and qualifiers of the targeted critical customers, Operation management (2012). Quality Quality is fitness for consumption in terms of meeting customers needs and desires. Quality can either be an order winner or order qualifier for customer based on the quality maintained. Quality conformance, which means to consistent delivering services based on design specification which, in turn, needs to reflect customer needs. Operation management (2012). To maintain good quality companies like Parle need to maintain and manage quality gaps. Hygiene is the precursor of every process in Parle. Every batch and confectionery is thoroughly checked by an expert staff by adopting Quality conformance level after every stage maintain similar quality throughout all nations neglecting quality control system. Cost Cost is one of the major contributions in business welfare since products that cost less but have good quality attract customers. Operation managers try to reduce costs and also maintain quality so the company profits. Operation management (2012). Parle as a company tends to maintain quality and keep a low purchase cost. Parle follows a policy of Kaizen, which means to produce more and more value with less wastage attaining better environment and developing stable process by standardization. Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:attachments:3.png Buthmann, A. (2010) describes that Quality cost is the Cost caused through producing of defects. Quality cost is most expensive concept used at Parle to cover the good and poor quality cost. Buthmann, A. (2010) describes that External failure is the cost associated to the external deficit of the product received by the consumer at Parle external cost is to maintain the quality cost is spend on the complaints received from consumers through online feedback, losses occurred due to reduction in sales due market acquisition by the competitors and environmental cost. Internal failure occurs before the product is delivered to the customers, not confirming to requirement of customers through the product leading to less satisfied customers, Internal quality Cost at Parle is due to shortage of raw material is due to smaller storage capacity limited to only 3 days. Buthmann, A. (2010). Appraisal cost occur in-order to maintain quality in all stages, conformance to quality standard Through Quality storage condition, maintaining Hygiene and monitoring quality by expert staff adopted at Parle. Buthmann, A. (2010). Prevention quality cost is to prevent poor quality of product is provided to consumer Buthmann, A. (2010). Parle spends in Quality improvement in staff inspection, Quality planning of new product and Quality improvement in team decision. Dependability Dependability is a degree of availability of the product when the customer needs or requires product. Operation management (2012). Parle is a multination company it deals with multiple nations it has a constant management of products regarding demand and supply. To cope with demand Parle produces 13 billion biscuits in a month. Flexibility Operations ability is to respond efficiently to changes in products, processes (including supply chain relationships), and competitive environments. Operation management (2012). Flexibility differs in companies but companies like Parle have a standardized approach and there is less change in the operations of the company. Speed It means by doing things faster to minimize the time between the order and the availability of the product to give a speed advantage to the wholesaler, retailer which ultimate the benefits to the customers. Slack, N. et al. (2004) Parle maintains their speed through their wholesalers who deliver their products to the retailers, which are finally received by the consumers. Parle maintain the speed by keeping a systematic approach to the system. POLAR DIAGRAM The polar radar chart depicts the priority of the performance objectives Slack, N. et al. (2004) in Parle. Parle as a company strives to produce the best material with minimum wastage. After quality Parle looks at customer benefit and cost management. By producing in bulk Parle maintain availability of products increasing dependability. Parle maintains standard procedure to increase operation speed. COMPETITIVE FACTORS Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:attachments:4.png ORDER WINNER Order winners The competitive characteristics possess by Parle are both time-specific and market-specific to Parle product are most economic since their products are starting at a price range of Rs2 Rs 25, Product range of Parle are into 3 categories Biscuits having 18 varieties of biscuit in the Indian market making them the largest biscuit manufacturer in the country. Sweets- Parle has 11 varieties of chocolate and candies in its product line-up. Snacks- fairly new to the market Parle have only 4 varieties of snacks in the market. Product design quality is initiated by Parle product by making use of automated packaging facilities and all the Parle product are manufactured under hygienic condition and maintaining quality standard at each stage of biscuits and confectioneries are thoroughly checked by expert staff using modern equipment at Parle they follow the seven HACCP principles for total quality management. Great care is exercised in the selection and quality control of raw materials; packaging materials and rigid quality standards are ensured at every stage of the manufacturing process (parleproducts, 2012) ORDER QUALIFIER Certain characteristics indicates that certain qualifiers are same for the entire market Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011), which was seen also seen in Parle competitors where delivery speed plays a crucial role in providing the product to its end consumers and packaging of the product is done to attract the customers. LESS IMPORTANT FACTORS There are certain factors at Parle, which does not affect the production of the product irrespective of the located weather it is in tier1, tier2 and tier3. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011), Parle factory situated in teir1 and Promotion activates of Parle is not considered the unique selling point since to create hype in the market its mandatory to use various promotional activities to create awareness among consumers. ORDER WINNER ORDER QUALIFER LESS IMPORTANT FACTORS Order Winner is quality that helps companies win markets. In case of Parle policy is to strive to provide consistently nutritious and quality food products to meet customers satisfaction by using quality material and by adopting appropriate processes. Therefore Quality is an order winner for Parle. While, also producing the finest quality for customers like to sell it at convenient or cheap prices that are affordable by all people. This makes Purchase Price an order winner for Parle also. Whereas the delivery system and packaging is similar as their competitor therefore it is an order qualifier. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011). PEOCESS Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:attachments:6.png Most manufacturing organisations provides standard product in high volumes. The repeat, mass production and standardization of the product indicate a need of process design that would benefit these characteristics. Batch process seems to be feasible choice as it simplifies, automate and reduces manufacturing cost. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011). The designing of batch process can be such that it can be used and reused for manufacturing of range of products, hence enabling companies to reduce cost by investing in equipments. The downside to this process is that for manufacturing each product the process line has to be reset, it is costly and skilled officials can only make changes. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011). At Parle manufacturing is based on batch process to manufacture their products; as mass production is possible without hampering the quality standards of the product. Being cost effective is one of the major criteria at Parle as it uses the same line to manufacture more 33 varieties of products. Parle do not make specialized product, as their main target are the masses. Standard products are expensive and not in mass production by Parle. Mass products are cheap and manufactured in large quantities. VOLUME PRODUCT VARIETY VARI Milano, Hide Seek, Bourbon. STANDARD PRODUCTS None MASS PRODUCT Parle-G, Krack-Jack, Milk Shakti. SPECIAL PRODUCTS Untitled.png Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) argues that volume variety demonstrations relationship between the product categories and volume of the product to be produce at Parle which shows the manufacturing is based on standardize and mass production. LINE OF FIT The above graph depict the line of fit maintain by parle in order to survive in the market through the availability of the products in the range of the line of fit. Kaul, D. (2012) MANUFACTURING FLOW CHART RAW MATERIAL TESTING MIXING MOULDING BAKING COOLING PACKAGING The manufacturing process flow chart illustrates how the production process is carried at Parle, In the initial stage, Testing of raw materials is carried out, which is sent for moulding through the conveyor belt the unfinished product goes through oven for baking and then to cooling of the product and later for packaging through machines like box tapping and sealing machine and forward to dispatched section for the whole sellers to channelize to the retailer for the customers to buy. PACKAGE AND PROCESS Macantosh HD:Users:pagdant:Downloads:attachments:7.png The physical resource used for Packaging of the finished goods at Parle is done through the help of box tapping and sealing machines while facilitating packaged goods and finished product. The activities required during the process is done in front office i.e. administration room coordinating with the back office i.e. the storeroom, dispatch section and production area in addition to the process Parle also provides flow of material, information to the customers with the help of implicit service where visitors are allow to visit the factory by arranging a visit at the production section at the front office. Kaul, D. (2012) LAYOUT Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) argues that process or functional is an arrangement of process and function at a particular area. The layout used at Parle is a process or functional layout reflecting that the layout is made in such a manner that similar operations are used in one areas where large batched of goods are produced. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011). This type of layout is suitable for Parle where large batches of production is done with help of various functions where layout reflects the stages involved in the making of the Parle products that is the product making is started with the testing of the raw material then moulding and mixing machine goes to oven and then for cooling before going to the packaging and then finally as a finished product. Functional layout advantages 1. Wide range of products Parle as brand itself produces around 33 different varieties of products for consumption at its Parle factory at vile-Parle. 2. Lower capital cost -The infrastructure at Parle used for the production i.e. the autonomous machine helps in reduce the capital cost incurred in making of the product. 3. Utilization of processes since all the resource used in the making of the Parle product are group in the factory itself helps in proper utilization of all resources e.g. Equipments and skilled staff. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) Functional layout disadvantages 1. In-process inventories at Parle are the cost of the direct material, direct labour, and factory overhead placed into the products on the factory floor. 2. Material handling can be costly and inefficient handling of inventories at Parle are costlier since storeroom are made to accommodate these inventories in proper conditions, which add to the cost and are inefficient when the sales revenue is not up to projected mark. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) The production process followed at Parle is Repeat (standard) Product where the making of product is done a repetitive basis designed for functional layout where high volume of production is done using batch and mass production. INVENTORY Inventory comprises of the input which is part of the unfinished goods goes through various operational process stages know as work in progress for a desired output in the form of finished products to sold to the customers. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) The inventory type adopted by Parle is the process inventory where the raw material for 3 days is store in the warehouse from where they are sends for testing the raw material weather it is meeting required standards for the production. After testing raw materials are sent for production. Where the raw material goes through various stages of baking and cooling and shifted to the dispatched room where they are stored and delivered to their distributors and the end customers. The raw material used in the product can be stored roughly for 3 days because the plant is designed in such a way that the raw material cannot be stored more than 3 days. INVENTORY FLOW CHART STORE ROOM WORK IN PROGRESS SUPPLIER DISPATCHED SECTION CUSTOMERS The inventory flow chart depicts the form of inventory present throughout the three-process stages i.e. input, operation process and output at Parle. The inventory such as raw material like wheat flour, sugar, hydrogenate vegetable oil, salt, milk and added flavours are stored in the store room from where they used in the process stages for the manufacturing of biscuits, sent to the dispatched section where the packaging takes place and distributed to the wholesaler and then to retailers for the end consumers. Due to limited duration of the storage capacity there are certain issues that have to be dealt such as to meet the global requirement and the diminishing demand for the products from local markets. SUPPLY CHAIN Before maintaining the supply chain has to decide whether to make the raw material or buy the material. Every manufacturing unit has different benefits if they make in-house / outsource. Advantages for making in house are that company has more control over the material it is more flexible and last minute adjustments are possible. The advantages of outsourcing are that cost is easier to manage and increases focus on final product. In case of Parle, raw material is outsourced and the final product is made in house. This is depicted through their supply chain. Supply Chain comprises all the steps required to supply a service or product to a customer. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011). Parle has many products, which have multiple raw material requirements. Multiple suppliers of provide these materials as their tier 1 supplier. Tier 1 supplier such as Godrej, Gurgaon Sugar Mill, Kopoli Flour mill, Wallace Flour Mill and Ahmed Bhai Sugar Mill. Tier 1 Tier 1 Godrej sugar mills Tier 2 Tier 3 Retailor Wholesaler Final Customer Kopoli flourmill INTERNAL OPERATIONS Retailor Wallace Flour mill Wholesaler Ahmedbhai sugar mill WHOLESALER, Retailor CUSTOMER INTERNAL SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESS SUPPLIER Delay in Inventory The above figure reflects how inventory at parle are buffered and maintained at each stage through the gap in the supply chain. But with proper co-ordination with the activities in the supply chain helps parle to build a products design, customer management and final delivery of the product to be consumed. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) Conclusion The report covers Distinctive features of Parle operation process through operation analysis of the organisation by taking an overview on the potency of distribution system and lower price advantage of Parle over it competitors, tremendous measure are taken to maintain quality and at the same time be cost effective, which can be reflected from their quality control methods and the way factory is designed to carry out operations and buffer their inventory through various stages of the operations and maintaining integrated supply chain management with the coordination of their suppliers parle develop a products design, customer management and final delivery of the product to be consumed, with the help of analysis carried out on parle we were able to identify the operational problems and provided with appropriate recommendation, which has assisted our group to know the functioning of an operation management and how the operational surrounding play a vital role in manufacturing of a prod uct or service delivered to a customers, which was the motive of our assignment. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011) RECOMMENDATION TYPE OF PROBLEM RECOMMENDATION A) STRATEGY MARKET SOLUTION Fluctuating in the demand. Rise in competition, Lack of innovative ideas (Same Use of raw material.) Diminish market share of parle. Parle should invest in capacity or inventory for fluctuating demand. Parle can improvement by using passive or proactive approach for better innovation and sustenance against rise in competitions. Parle should Constantly compare their order-losing sensitive qualifiers with their competitors, since a slight change in the environment can cause them to start losing market share. B) PROCESS PERFORMANCE SOLUTION Lack of flexibility Costlier to maintain the equipments Reset of process line. Operation volumes. Quality conformance level after every stage. There should be constant change in operation for better improvements. Equipments, which are not essential should be should out or should be leased rather buying the equipments. Different operation should be maintained line for different range of product instead of reset after the end of the every process. Reduction in depletion and the changeover and set-up times for manufacturing process. To maintain the operation volume labour and material should be properly utilised. Parle should build control system rather than conformance at each stage C) INVENTORY SOLUTION Cost of in-process inventory Handling of inventory Storage capacity Holding of inventory To reduce cost of the inventory Casual analysis should be done and inventory should be group into corporate, decoupling, cycle, pipeline and buffer for better handling and increase in the storage capacity to hold the inventory. D) SUPPLY SOLUTION Fluctuation cost of raw material E.g. sugar. Maintaining loyal suppliers due rise in demand. Slow technological up gradation compared to competitors. Parle should adopt the release cash method where they should delay the payment to suppliers leading to improvisation in operation. Build better relationship for constant supply of raw material, which will help to maintain loyal suppliers. To avoid cost on up-gradation of the technology it should be outsourced. Hill, A. and Hill, T. (2011)

The Trouble with Stereotyping Essay -- Stereotypes

The Trouble with Stereotyping   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The world has hit a brick wall in human development. People have created a giant system that categorizes people and groups into classes. These classes are then broken down into subdivisions for people’s placement in the world, and everyone’s eyes. Stereotyping has become so prevalent in every persons thoughts that we now base everything we do on it. We base business, home, and social life on a stereotypical view that doesn’t need to be present in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Don’t Let Stereotypes Warp Your Judgments,† Robert Heilbroner states that, â€Å"Stereotyping is one way in which we ‘define’ the world in order to see it.† This statement proposes points that people don’t just see people anymore, but the stereotype class they put them in.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Stereotypes that appear in the business atmosphere are the most prevalent to see. Some of these typecasts are women in the workplace in certain jobs and the type of job they can accomplish or gain with their level of schooling completed. Women are not stereotypically recognized by men to hold high positions in a company. Women could have the same capabilities and maybe even higher qualifications than a man going for the same position, but men label women to be less qualified and have less of a reputation in order to be head of a company. However, this is not true. We need to eliminate the labeling of women. I believe that people’s education should and have no bearing on what everyone can accomplish in a w...